Project Failure Deepwater Horizon and the Bp Oil Spill

Introduction The Deepwater Horizon rig sank on April 22, 2010, two days after the Macondo well blowout and explosion that killed 11 workers. The Deepwater Horizon accident, also known as the BP Oil Spill, was a project failure of immense proportions. It went from an oil exploration â€Å"project† to a massive program with portfolios of projects related to dealing with the families of those killed on the oil rig, stopping the oil leak, capturing the oil (from the well and from the ocean), cleaning the environment (seashores, wetlands, Gulf of Mexico), saving and cleaning wildlife (underwater and on shores), responding to human needs (fishermen, economically impacted families), dealing with the public (PR campaigns), dealing with shareholders†¦show more content†¦Research now shows that over the ensuing next three months, the Macondo well had multiple incidents of trouble which continued until the disastrous day when the well blew out and went out of control. During the early dril ling in shallow depths, the crew experienced multiple well problems, gas kicks, and dangerous lost circulation zones-sometimes all at once. On four occasions prior to the blowout, the crew experienced well-control events. During one of the well-control problems, a drill pipe became stuck and could not move in or out of the hole. A stuck pipe can be very dangerous and is indicative of poor well hole conditions. After fighting the stuck pipe for a week, the crew separated the pipe from the assembly and placed a cement cap plug on it and continued to drill a sidetrack hole at 17,500 feet. As the days wore on, the crew became wary after experiencing multiple kicks, lost circulation, and stuck pipe to the point that Mike Williams testified to the Joint Investigation Committee in July 2010 that the crew had been calling it the â€Å"Well from Hell†. (In Too Deep pg25) After weeks of battling the well, the well reached its total depth of over 18,200 feet and the engineers ran measurements to analyze the subsurface intervals, their content, and their pressures. These measurements were used to make the decision to run pipe to the bottom of the well and to prepare the well for temporary abandonment prior to production. AtShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemma with the Bp Oil Spill1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe BP oil spill, more famously referred to as the Deepwater Horizon Spill, occurred in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and flowed unmitigated for as long as 3 months. The BP oil spill has fared as the largest marine oil spill ever confronted in the history of the petroleum industry. The oil spill on the 20th of April 2010 was primarily the result of a gas release followed by an explosion in the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, in the Gulf of Mexico, established on the Mocando exploration well designed forRead MoreThe Long Lasting Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon O n The Gulf Of Mexico1544 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the long lasting effects on the economy from the explosion on the DeepWater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. The events that took place on April 20, 2010 would go down in history as the worst deep sea oil spill in history. British Petroleum would suffer its greatest lost to date when one of its drilling rigs the Deepwater Horizon would blow up in the Gulf of Mexico (Crandall, Parnell Spillan, 2014). In the days and weeks following the explosion there were signs ofRead MoreDeepwater Horizon Oil Spill: the Bp Disaster2305 Words   |  10 PagesAP Environmental Science Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: The BP Disaster The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was one of the most infamous industrial environmental disasters ever. On April 20, 2010, a marine oil-drilling dig called the Deepwater Horizon exploded, releasing hundreds of millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. This explosion resulted in the loss of human life, massive environmental damage, and widespread damage to the livelihood of people living along theRead MoreBp Csr3693 Words   |  15 PagesCorporate Social Responsibilities and Law Contents BP Company Info 3 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Event 4 Summary of the Deepwater Horizon Event 5 Stock price before and after Deepwater Horizon 7 Impact on Stakeholders 8 BP’s Oil Spills and Corporate Social Responsibility 9 Inadequate disclosure on the oil spill event 11 Recommendations for BP to get reputation back 13 Conclusion 14 BP Company Info BP is a global oil and gas company headquartered in London, United KingdomRead MoreBp And The Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study3246 Words   |  13 Pages BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study Tamatha French Management 6000 Hawaii Pacific University â€Æ' Introduction and Background On April 20, 2010, the petroleum industry suffered the largest maritime disaster oil spill in its history known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Deepwater Horizon oil rig that had been working on a well for BP in the Gulf exploded and went up in flames. Subsequently, massive amounts of oil spilled out into the water, threatening the marine life andRead MoreBp ( British Petroleum )1344 Words   |  6 PagesBP (British Petroleum) was founded well over a century ago by William D’Arcy who invested his savings in the hunt for oil in the Middle East. After several years of drilling, D’Arcy’s money and patience were about to run out, when oil was found about 1,200 feet down. This changed the outlook for the company and D’Arcy became a rich man (Thorne, p. 587 2014). Because of the difficulty in trying to drill for oil in this undeveloped land, by 1914 BP was almost bankrupt again. The company had oilRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Bp3305 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction BP, formerly known as British Petroleum, is the third largest oil and gas producer in the world, producing almost 3.8 million barrels per day. BP was founded in 1908 by William Knox D’Arcy in London, United Kingdom. The company operates worldwide in several sectors of the oil and gas industry such as generating low carbon energy, moving oil and gas, and off and onshore oil and gas extraction (BP, 2014). However, the offshore Deepwater Horizon oil spill that happened on April 20th, 2010Read MoreSwot Analysis of British Petroleum Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesoverview British Petroleum (BP) is the world largest retailer of gasoline in the United States. It ranks at the top of three global oil and gas industry. From the corporate watch website (2009), it pointed out that almost 70% of the profits are gained from the US and Europe. In addition, BP is also devoted for aviation fuels and shipping aspects. It is reported that about 900 ports and more than 1400 airports have been supplied by the BP’s lubricants and fuels. Meanwhile, BP has operated on other countriesRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Is An Oil Drilling Rig1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon is an oil drilling rig that was built in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries in 2001. The rig was a massive mobile drill as it was measured to be â€Å"396 by 256 feet† (Report). Additionally, it was considered to be an exploratory rig, not an actual excavator rig. The rig was commissioned to Transocean which later leased it to British Petroleum, an oil and gas company. The oil rig was once well known as â€Å"it set the world record for the deepest oil and gas well †¦ 35,055 feet†

The Imf ( International Monetary Fund ) - 941 Words

The IMF (International Monetary Fund), also known as the Fund, was conceived at a UN conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, in July 1944. The 44 countries at that conference sought to build a framework for economic cooperation to avoid a repetition of the competitive devaluations that had contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s (https://www.imf.org/external/about.htm). Currently, the organization is headquartered in Washington, D. C. Originally, the IMF was designed to promote economic cooperation internationally and provide short term loans to member countries for the benefit of trade. During the 1980’s, many countries were experiencing a crisis of debt. During this time, The IMF has taken on the role of bailing out countries with loans that have certain conditions attached. These loans are usually referenced as Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs). In order for a country to get a loan, the policies of the IMF must be followed. Therefore, monetary values can be dictated on education, healthcare, and the environment. In 2010, the country of Greece experienced one of the worst financial crises in modern history. During this time, The IMF wanted to be involved with the financial support package that Greece (and other countries in the Eurozone) would receive. That same year, French President Nikolas Sarkozy stated â€Å"I will never allow the IMF in Europe† (http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/imf-greece/). Despite this remark,Show MoreRelatedInternational Monetary Fund ( Imf )2266 Words   |  10 PagesAims/Purpose International Monetary Fund (IMF) aims to maintain and defeat and sometimes to restrain the financial crises. (BBC, 2012) Basically it was created to avoid another Great Depression with an economical cooperation. It was founded more than 60 years ago at the end of the II World War. (International Monetary Fund, 2015) Mostly the institution has directed to focus the developing world. Nowadays there are few purposes of the IMF such as monetary stability, exchange rate stability, facilitateRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )985 Words   |  4 PagesThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) was one of the many international organizations that emerged after the end of World War II. The primary function of the IMF is to promote the international financial stability and spur monetary cooperation. Many countries see the IMF as a â€Å"lender of last resort† (Thacker, 1999:38), meaning countries borrow money from the Fund for â€Å"short-term balance of payment supportâ⠂¬  (Steinwand and Stone, 2007:11) in order to avert the collapse of their domestic economies.Read MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1946, along with the World Bank. The IMF was developed to promote all monetary cooperation and remedy economic problems incurred during the post - war reconstruction period (Baylis; 2008: 245). The IMF was therefore considered as the â€Å"rule keeper† and an important component in public international management. In the pursuit to stabilise the exchange rate system, the IMF reserves the authority to change exchange rates. Another vital role isRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund ( Imf )3071 Words   |  13 PagesGLOBAL BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization consisting of 188 nations functioning towards global monetary cooperation, ensuring financial stability, minimizing poverty around the world (IMF, 2014). In this report its functions of IMF and its effectiveness have been explained to describe minimizing financial imbalances by the countries. UK has been the main focus in this study. The impact of IMF policies on social and environment in UK and howRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf ) Essay2250 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization created in 1945 to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and to reduce poverty around the world. The IMF is governed and accountable to the 189 countries that make up the global membership of the organization. These goals make up the IMFs formal rules, the informal rules allow more access for powerfulRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1310 Words   |  6 Pagesat how incompetent and politically driven economic policy making drove Europe into prolonged recession and high unemployment. The financial crises and fear of a meltdown slowed world economic growth considerably. In October 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected 4.6 percent growth for the global economy in 2013; it ended up being just 3 percent. This difference may not seem like much, but in terms of lost output it is more than $800 billion, and it is not only in the rich countriesRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) The IMF was set up during the Second World War in the year 1944. It started operation in 1947 and it has been working with the UNO since. Its headquarters is in Washington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countriesRead MoreThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )6431 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction In the statement of the 2015 Article IV Consultation Mission to China, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that the Chinese economy was transitioning to a safer and higher-quality growth. In particular, the IMF highlighted that China had made good progress in recent years in reducing its large current account surpluses and its huge accumulation of foreign exchange reserves. Although undervaluation of the yuan was a major factor causing the large imbalances in the past, theRead More The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Monetary Fund (IMF), international economic organization whose purpose is to promote international monetary cooperation to facilitate the expansion of international trade. The IMF operates as a United Nations specialized agency and is a permanent forum for consideration of issues of international payments, in which member nations are encouraged to maintain an orderly pattern of exchange rates and to avoid restrictive exchange practices.Read MoreEssay on The International Monetary Fund (IMF)2392 Words   |  10 Pages The International Monetary Fund, is an international organization established in 1945 as part of the United Nation system. Its creation was conceived at Bretton woods, to â€Å"†¦regulate the rates at which currencies were exchanged among member countries; and it would help ensure international stability by making loans at times of crisis in member countries’ balance of payments.† Since its creation, the IMF have gain enormous power in the international community, specially influencing the

The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era Essay Example For Students

The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era Essay The play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 17th century, during the Elizabethan era. In this time period, women were expected to marry at a young age and have children to carry on the family name; this was to be their only role in life. Women were not believed to be rational and intelligent human beings. For centuries, women have been imprisoned within this box, constricted and restrained by the male view of what womens role in life is. They are mothers, daughters, girlfriends, and wives but never philosophers, business people, investors, owners, doctors or lawyers; they were thought to not be capable in such occupations. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses this age-old idea and because of that the role of women is minimized to that of a mother, daughter, and wife. However, Shakespeare does cast a very sexual light on the role of women within this play. The female characters within the play Hamlet play a very minimal role and only serve to further develop the character s of the men within the play. Gertrude is both a mother and a wife within this play and she helps to motivate Hamlet further in gaining his revenge on Claudius. Hamlet states: And yet, within a month à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / Let me not think on it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Frailty, thy name is woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / A little month, or ere those shoes were old/ With which she followed my poor fathers body, / Like Niobe, all tears à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" why she, even she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Would have mourned longer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" married with my uncle, / à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Within a month, / Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears / Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, / She married. I.ii.ll 147-158. Hamlet speaks of Gertrudes sudden marriage to Claudius after the death of Old Hamlet. In the second line of the above quote, Hamlet uses the world frail to describe women, meaning that women are weak and not in control of their emotions. Shakespeare also does nothing to develop Gertrudes character any further; we learn very little about her thoughts and feelings towards Old Hamlet, her marriage to his brother, and even Claudius himself. Ophelia also serves to motivate Laertes to further his revenge against Hamlet. By heaven, thy madness shall be paid by weight/ Till our scale turn the beam IV.v.ll 167-168. Yet, neither of these women were the original motivation; they only served to further motivate both Hamlet and Laertes. Both Ophelia and Gertrude are portrayed as weak females with virtually no independence. An example of this is Ophelia obeying her father when he commands her to stop seeing Hamlet. I shall obey, my lord I.i.ll 141. As a daughter, she immediately surrenders to her father and brothers will. Ophelia is further characterized as weak when she goes insane. When compared to Hamlet, we see that Hamlet managed to overcome his fathers death and plot revenge on his fathers murderer. Ophelia, on the  other hand, succumbs to the distress and shock and goes insane instead. This is saying that men are strong and dont let their emotions overcome them, unlike women. Even Gertrude moves instinctively towards the safer choices given to her. An example of this is when she seeks out Claudius right after her confrontation with Hamlet. Bestow this place on us a little while. Ah, my good lord, what have I seen to-night! IV.i.ll 4-5. She does not stop to even think about her situation or what has happened. Gertrude is completely reliant on the men in her life and only seems to be able to think for herself in social situations. .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .postImageUrl , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:visited , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:active { border:0!important; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:active , .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5 .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u895175f3608aa2eaaa140e9d098228f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare make the Balcony Scene and the Death Scene in Romeo Juliet Dramatically Effective? EssayGertrude states: Good gentlemen, he hath much talked of you, / And sure I am, two men there are not living / To whom he more adheres. If it will please you/ To show us so much gentry and good will/ As to expend your time with us awhile, / For the supply and profit of our hope, / Your visitation shall receive such thanks/ As fits a kings remembrance. II.ii.ll 19-26. Gertrude is in control of herself here and doesnt, at any point, look to Claudius for assistance as she normally does. The one time that Gertrude does try and show some independence is when she drinks from the poisoned cup. I will, my lord, I pray you, pardon me V.ii.ll 302. The message being given here is that without the guidance of men, women cannot function because if Gertrude had listened to Claudius, she would not have drank and survived. Throughout the entire play Hamlet, both Ophelia and Gertrude were controlled by the men in their lives; they are not in control of their surrounding at any time. Ophelias immediate obedience to Polonius when he orders to stop seeing Hamlet is an example of this. I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth, / Have you so slander any moment leisure, / As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. / Look to it, I charge you. Come your ways I.iii.ll 137-140. Polonius tells Ophelia what she has to do and doesnt allow her to think for herself. Each action that is done by either woman is the result of an earlier action done by one of the male characters. Ophelia goes crazy and then dies because of Polonius death and Hamlets rejection of her. O, this is the poison of deep grief. It springs/ all from her fathers death IV.v.ll 74-75. Another example is when Polonius plans to use Ophelia as bait to figure out the cause of Hamlets madness; he is controlling what she does and says here. At such a time Ill loose my daughter to him, / Be you and I behind an arras then, / mark the encounter II.ii.ll 175-177. Ophelia, walk you here. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Gracious, so please you, / Well bestow ourselves. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" / Read on this book, / That show of  such an exercise may colour/ Your loneliness III.i.ll 48-52. They are completely dominated by the male figures in their lives. The role of women in Hamlet is also very sexually oriented. There are many references to prostitutes, sexual favors, incest and sex itself. There are also many comparisons between objects and emotions to sexual objects or people. An example of this is when Claudius compares the guilt he is feeling to a prostitute. How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience! / The harlots cheek, beautied with plastering art, / Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it/ Than is my deed to my most painted word III.i.ll 57-60. Each negative feeling or emotion, such as guilt, is compared to women, as if they are somehow similar. In Hamlets confrontation with Ophelia, he tells her many times to go to a brothel where she belongs, as she acts much like a whore does. Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a/ breeder of sinners? III.i.ll 131-132. Hamlet also speaks of womens attitude and how they pretend to be innocent and beautiful but are really not. Hamlet states: I have heard of your paintings too, well enough. / God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves/ another. You jig and amble, and you lisp, and nick-/ name Gods creatures, and make your wantonness/ your ignorance. Go to, Ill no more on it. It hath made/ me mad. I say, we will have no more marriages. Those/ that are married already, all but one, shall live. The rest/ shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go. .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .postImageUrl , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:visited , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:active { border:0!important; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:active , .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1 .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb6c808ab75e9e696af2b1d6e0cb6da1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extent is Act III Scene ii pivotal to Hamlet? Essay PaperIII.I.ll 154-161. During the play performed by the Players, Hamlet speaks to Ophelia with heavy sexual connotations behind his words. Do you think I meant country matters? III.ii.l 115. Thats a fair thought to lie between maids legs III.ii.l 117. Ophelia is a noblewoman and yet, she is subject to embarrassing conversations that a servant woman would normally endure. This is saying that all women are alike and they have no class distinctions between them as men do. Even when Hamlet speaks with Gertrude in her room, he makes many references to her incestuous bed. Nay, but to live/ In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, / Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love/ Over the nasty sty! III.iv.ll 102-105. Women are subject to whatever faults men place on them instead of themselves. Within the play Hamlet, the role of women is very negative; they are sexual objects, weak, and not independent. Shakespeare has used a model of the women of his time and put them into this play, Hamlet. Though time has passed and views have changed on women, Hamlet remains the same, stuck in the 17th century. The role of women in Hamlet remains very minimal and only serves to further enhance and characterize the male characters within the play.

Of Mice and Men - Crooks and Curleys Wife free essay sample

Crooks and Curley’s wife suffer from discrimination around the ranch. Steinbeck expresses discrimination, or prejudice, very simply by refusing to give Curleys wife a name. She is displayed as only a mere item of Curley’s. Curley’s wife is disliked by ranch hands as they only see and think â€Å"she’s a rat trap if I ever seen one† and refuse to talk to her. In a similar fashion to Curley’s wife, Crooks is discriminated and treated unfairly in comparison to the other ranch hands. It is simply evident as they refer to Crooks as a â€Å"nigger†. This is offensive but he is at the bottom of the hierarchy so evidently â€Å"he don’t give a damn about that†. His room is situated away from the others as they â€Å"don’t want nothing to do with him. † Crooks is alike Curley’s wife as they are both discriminated and excluded from society. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men Crooks and Curleys Wife or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prejudice towards Crooks and Curley’s wife causes them to be very lonely. Due to the fact that the ranch hands find Curley’s wife troublesome, it means that â€Å"she can’t talk to nobody† and this causes her to be lonesome. Steinbeck illustrates Curley’s wife in a way that makes her seem flirtatious and â€Å"purty† and this is all the men see in her, though she is simply just trying to make conversation. Loneliness is also seen in Curley’s wife as she â€Å"don’t even like Curley who ain’t a nice fella† and therefore has nobody to communicate with, â€Å"even [her] own husband†. Crooks, alike Curley’s wife, is also lonely as he is the only coloured man in the ranch. Due to this, he is isolated from the other men and therefore has nobody to talk to. Crooks’ loneliness can be identified by the scene in the novella when Lennie enters Crooks room. At this moment, Crooks seizes the opportunity to speak with someone at tells Lennie â€Å"you might as well set down† and later realises that it’s just the fact that â€Å"they’re talking† and â€Å"being with another guy†. This shows that Crooks admires Lennie’s company because he is so lonely every other time. Crooks and Curley’s wife’s discrimination causes them to be lonely. Crooks and Curley’s wife have dreams of their own which have been shattered but they are constantly trying to put them back together. When Curley’s wife was fifteen, she â€Å"coulda been in the movies an’ had pitchers took of me†. However, her â€Å"ol’ lady wouldn’t let [her]. At that moment, Curley’s wife’s dream had been shattered by her mother. Throughout the novel, she dresses seductively in attempt to rebuild her dream of being a movie star and â€Å"had nice clothes like they wear. † In a related manner, Crooks also had the dream of having the feeling of living on his father’s ranch again. When in conversation with Lennie, Crooks reminisces about his past and how his â€Å"old man owned a chicken ranch†. In the past, â€Å"white kids come to play at [Crooks’] place, an’ sometimes [he] went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice†. He was on the verge of fulfilling his dream, when it was ruined by his father â€Å"who didn’t like that†. Crooks joins George and Lennie’s dream of owning their own land, in effort to restore his dream of living and playing on his father’s ranch with white people. By joining George and Lennie’s dream, Crooks would be living with white people as well as working on a farm, parallel to his father’s. The dreams of Curley’s wife and Crooks which somehow or another have been ruined and are attempting to piece it back together. Crooks and Curley’s wife, though they are physically opposite, have parallel characteristics which can be identified from causes like prejudice, loneliness, and dreams that have been destroyed.

How to Write Stellar Stanford Essays 3 Expert Tips

How to Write Stellar Stanford Essays 3 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you hoping to be one of the 5% of students admitted to Stanford this year? If so, you’ll need to write some amazing essays as part of your application. In this article, we’ll outline the different types of essays you need to write for your Stanford University application and teach you how to write an essay that will help you stand out from the thousands of other applicants. What Are the Stanford Essays? Stanford requires that you complete a total of four essays as a part of your application for admission. You’ll need to answer a prompt provided by the Common Application or Coalition Application, depending on which one you use to submit your Stanford application through. If you're looking for more information about either of these prompts, we cover them in depth on our blog. You’ll also need to respond to three Stanford-specific short essay questions. The Stanford essay prompts offer you plenty of opportunities to show off your qualifications as an applicant and wow the admissions committee. Want to get into Stanford or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. 2018-19 Stanford Essay Prompts You’ll also need to respond to three Stanford Questions for your Stanford supplement essays. You’ll submit the Stanford supplement essays online with your Coalition or Common app. You need to respond to all three of the Stanford essay prompts for your application. Each one of the Stanford essays has a 100-word minimum and a 250-word maximum. Here are the 2018-19 Stanford essay prompts: The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate- and us- know you better. Tell us about something that is meaningful to you, and why? Stanford Essays Analyzed In this section, we’ll be looking at each of the three Stanford supplement essays in depth. Remember, every applicant must answer every one of the Stanford essay prompts, so you don’t get to choose which essay you would like to write. You have to answer all three of the Stanford essay prompts well in order for your application to stand out. Let’s take a look at each of the three Stanford short essay questions and see how to write something meaningful for each. Stanford Essay Prompt #1 The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. This Stanford essay prompt is very broad. The structure of the prompts indicates that the committee is interested in learning about your curiosity inside and outside of the classroom, so don’t feel like you have to limit the lessons you talk about to ones that occur at school. The most important thing to remember here is to be specific. The committee doesn’t want you to wax poetic about the virtues of remaining eternally curious; they want to see how a real-life example has affected you. For instance, instead of talking about how a trip to a foreign country opened your eyes to different cultures, pick a specific moment from your visit that really hammered home the importance of curiosity. Go into detail about how that one experience affected you. Being specific is more powerful than speaking in generalized platitudes. Similarly, you want to write about something that you're genuinely passionate and excited about. After all, it says so right in the prompt! Pick a topic that you truly love, such as a historical fiction book that you read that inspired you to learn about a new era in history or the science fiction movie that sparked curiosity about how time works in space. Don’t feel limited to your potential major. Stanford doesn’t require that you pick and stick with a specific major for your application, so you don’t have to write about a moment here that relates to your predicted course of study. In fact, picking a learning experience in a different field will better show that you’re curious and open to new ideas. Stanford Essay Prompt #2 Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate- and us- know you better. Stanford’s roommate essay question is notorious. While the other two of the three Stanford essays may change from year-to-year, the Stanford roommate essay is always on the application. First, remember that this essay is written to your future roommate, who will be one of your peers. You can adopt a more informal, fun tone with this essay, because the prompt indicates that it’s going to someone who is your age. The Stanford roommate essay is your opportunity to show a different side of your personality than the admissions committee will see on the rest of your application. This essay is your chance to show yourself as a well-rounded person who has a variety of different interests and talents. Don’t repeat information that the committee can find elsewhere on your application. Take the time to share fun, personal details about yourself. For instance, do you make awesome, screen-accurate cosplays or have a collection of rock crystals from caving expeditions? Think about what you love to do in your spare time. Be specific - the committee wants to get a real picture of you as a person. Don’t just say that you love to play video games, say exactly which video games you love and why. The roommate essay is also a great time to show off your community - the friends, family, teammates, etc. who make up your current life. You can talk about the deep bonds you have and how they have affected you. Showing your relationships to others gives the committee a better idea of how you will fit in on Stanford’s campus. All in all, the Stanford roommate essay is a great opportunity to have some fun and show off some different aspects of your personality. Let yourself shine! Stanford Essay Prompt #3 Tell us about something that is meaningful to you, and why? While all three of the Stanford essay prompts are fairly broad, the third Stanford essay prompt is by far the broadest. You can write about anything that’s meaningful to you here - the prompt doesn’t specify that you have to talk about something academic or personal. Sometimes, broad prompts can be more intimidating than prompts that have a very narrow focus. The trick here is to (again) pick something specific and stick to it. Don’t, for instance, say that world peace is meaningful to you because it won’t sound sincere. You should talk about something that is uniquely important to you, not the other thousands of students that are applying to Stanford. Pick something that is really meaningful to you. You could talk about your relationship with your grandmother and how she taught you how to cook or a specific musical album that reminds you of an important experience in your life. You might talk about a club or after-school activity that has broadened your horizons or an academic award you won after an extreme challenge. Whatever topic you choose, your essay should feel sincere. Don’t write what you think the committee wants to hear. They’ll be more impressed by a meaningful experience that rings true than one that seems artificial or implausible. How to Write a Great Stanford Essay Regardless of which Stanford essay prompt you’re responding to, you should keep in mind the following tips for how to write a great Stanford essay. #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Stanford wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliches and Overused Phrases When writing your Stanford essays, try to avoid using cliches or overused quotes or phrases. These include quotations that have been quoted to death and phrases or idioms that are overused in daily life. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† Strive for originality. Similarly, avoid using cliches, which take away from the strength and sincerity of your work. #3: Check Your Work It should almost go without saying, but you want to make sure your Stanford essays are the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your Stanford application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Stanford essays, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. What’s Next? If you want to be one of the 6% of students accepted to Stanford, you'll have to have a great GPA. Check out our guide on how to get good grades in high school for some tips and strategies! Confused or intimidated about the college admissions process? Check out our complete guide on how to apply to college. If you want to stand out from the crowd as an applicant, you'll need a solid resume of extracurricular activities. Learn more about your extracurricular options and why they matter. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Merriam-Websters 2017 Words of the Year

Merriam-Websters 2017 Words of the Year Merriam-Webster’s 2017 Words of the Year Merriam-Webster’s 2017 Words of the Year By Mark Nichol Toward the end of each calendar year, around the winter holidays, various dictionaries trot out their annual Words of the Year feature. This year, as can be expected, the focus (according to Merriam-Webster) was predominantly on terms directly or indirectly associated with politics. Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Year, prompted by various events and incidents regarding gender equality and women’s right, is feminism. The term has various connotations, depending on one’s perspective about the concept, but the objective meanings, according to the company’s website, are â€Å"the theory of . . . equality of the sexes† and â€Å"organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests.† More unusual words that appeared in Merriam-Webster’s top ten include dotard, which refers to one in a state or period of dotage, or senility; the root word is dote, the verb form. (However, dote is more commonly employed for the sense of â€Å"give generous attention or affection.†) Like dotty (meaning â€Å"crazy or eccentric,† or â€Å"obsessed† or â€Å"ridiculous†), dote stems from a Germanic word meaning â€Å"foolish.† Another term prominent in online-dictionary surges earlier this year is the spelling bee participant’s bane, syzygy, which simply refers to a generally straight-line configuration of bodies in a solar system or other gravitational system, such as occurs during an eclipse. The word, by way of Latin, is from a Greek term meaning â€Å"yoked together.† Greek is also the source of gyro, which made the list in the sense of a type of sandwich of Greek provenance, rather than a spinning device such as a gyrocompass. Both senses relate to turning; the sandwich is so named because the meat filling is traditionally turned on a spit over flame to cook it. Then there’s gaffe (meaning â€Å"blunder or mistake†), sometimes erroneously spelled gaff, the word from which it is derived. A gaff is any one of several types of hooks or hooked implements, and as a verb it applies to using or applying a hook. As a slang term, it means â€Å"music hall or theater†- my guess is that it’s derived from the notion of the proverbial hook used to yank poorly received vaudeville performers off the stage- and it also informally pertains to abuse or an ordeal, or a trick or hoax. (It also serves as a verb associated with these senses.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsRite, Write, Right, Wright

Business Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Improvement - Essay Example But, the era of globalisation and liberalization has resulted in fierce competition amongst the multinational companies has come to the rescue of the consumer. Now, MNCs emphasis is less on profit margins and more on sustainable growth. This resulted in making the independent sustainability of individual businesses little difficult. The era of network competition (Dechow, 2003) resulted into MNCs looking for local support, while individual businesses found an opportunity to sustain their business venture by working as supply chains for Multi-national enterprises. With growing emphasis on innovative marketing techniques in the network economy, competing as stand-alone entities becomes much more difficult for individual businesses. Functioning as supply chains to one or more MNEs, helps in better profit margins and long term survival of an individual business. This has led to a situation where the competition is not amongst individual firms, but as supply chains to larger business enti ties (Hammer, 2001 qtd by Dechow). In the IT era supply chain has acquired newer dimensions. Outsourcing is the new buzzword in the industry. While the debate is still on about the benefits or losses of outsourcing, the industry seems to have taken it in a big way. More and more banks, IT companies, PSUs and a range of industrial units from places like UK, USA, Germany etc are flocking towards Asian region with their requirement for software development, IT enabled services and call centre workforce. The outsourcing firms do not have a formidable identity of their own, but they are very crucial for an organization like, HSBC, Microsoft, IBM, Standard Chartered etc. While the MNEs are able to save millions of dollars through this arrangement, the supply chain companies too are earning good revenues within their own areas of operations. Such an arrangement proves to be a sound business strategy for long term survival. Quoting Thomas Koulopoulos, Burnell (2007) says; "Companies whose instincts have gone stale are like p atients with local anesthesia let free to wander the world. They are rational, coherent and aware of their predicament, yet numb. They can no longer sense the world around them." In order to leverage the economies of scale and remain competitive, companies are relying on the increasing role of supply chains. Therefore, companies are now supposed to adapt their supply chains efficiently in order to remain agile and competitive (Tolone, 2000). This helps in building strong relationships with customers and suppliers. With the growing trend towards leaner and meaner organisations, companies are now more focused towards their core competencies, while preferring to outsource all other activities. Swaminathan (2003) underlines the need for strategic management of the supply chain partners with increasing role of core competencies, elimination of geographical boundaries with ICT revolution and volatile nature of economies. For creating strategic advantages in the competitive landscape coordinated supply chains have now become an integral part of the business strategy. Companies are now coming out with solutions for managing the supply chain, for example IBM provides SCM solutions for its partners so that they can gain a window into inventory. This allows promoting, cross-selling, up-selling, replenishing, and closing out, the inventories on short notices1. Such solutions also help in sharp forecasting,

What Specific Practices And Attitudes Does Marlow Criticize Or Condemn Essay

What Specific Practices And Attitudes Does Marlow Criticize Or Condemn What Practices And Attitudes Does He Approve Of - Essay Example The story is about a Company set up in a European nation (read Belgium) which has a vested interest in Africa, in particular the trade in ivory, one in which they would like to lay their hands upon more and more ivory as also the best ivory available. It is this "taint of imbecile rapacity" (166) that blows through the novel like "a whiff from some corpse"(166). Even at the very beginning Marlow makes his distaste for colonialism known when he says, "The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much"(140). From here it is a natural progression to the comparison he makes between the pompousness and the laziness of the colonists and the exploitation and hard labour inflicted upon the native people. His scathing sarcasm begins with the idleness of the passengers on board the French steamer and goes on to those at the Company Station who have their sights set on getting appointed "to a trading-post where ivory was to be had, so that they could earn percentages" (168). Having reached the Company Station, Marlow discovered that the steamer which he was to command was damaged and in need of repairs. The others who were to accompany him into the dense unexplored parts of the continent in search of Kurtz had nothing better to do and the intervening time was spent by these same persons in "back-biting and intriguing against each other in a foolish kind of way. There was an air of plotting about that Station, but nothing came of it, of course. It was as unreal as everything else.. as their talk, as their government, as their show of work"(168). Meanwhile the malnourished and underpaid natives were literally yoked together and these chain gangs were forced at gun point to undertake different types of hard manual work in the blazing sun. In one particular instance an enormous hole had been dug up on the hill side with no earthly purpose other than "the philanthropic desire of giving the criminals something to do"(155). On the one hand he narrates images of weary, dying natives who have become living phantoms, and decries the insidious ways of the Company as a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly. A bunch of European adventures calling themselves the Eldorado Expedition turn up at the Company Station. They are described as men "without hardihood, greedy without audacity, and cruel without courage" (177). The purpose of their expedition is to "tear treasure out of the bowels of the land" and we are told that they had "no more moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe" (177). It is not just that Marlow has no patience with those who shirk their job, but he gets rubbed up the wrong way when he has to put up with people who work only under supervision. The helmsman on whom he would have to rely heavily as they sailed through the river full of snags turned out to be "the most unstable kind of fool" who "steered with no end of a swagger" when Marlow was around. But the minute his back was turned the helmsman "became instantly the prey of an abject funk, and would let that cripple of a steamboat get the upper hand of him in a minute" (199). Being a straightforward person himself, Marlow's temperament cannot stand a lie. He is the first to declare that he "can't bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appals me. There is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies.It makes me miserable and sick, like biting

Dubliners Themes and Motifs Essay Example for Free

Dubliners Themes and Motifs Essay In what concerns Joyce’s style of writing we can observe that he balances the objectivity – the attitude of â€Å"scrupulous meanness â€Å" and sympathetic understanding of characters with the help of the stream of consciousness and epiphanies Scrupulous meanness ‘Scrupulousness’ is a crucial element both in Joyce’s use of language, and in the structure and form of the stories. ‘Scrupulous meanness’ refers to a most complex and heavily allusive style that determines the reading of Dubliners. From the minimum of words Joyce succeeds to extract the maximum effect. Joyce puts this style forward as a means to express his moral intent The Sisters * â€Å"sensation of freedom as if [he] had been freed from something by the priest’s death â€Å" * â€Å"desired to confess something. I felt my soul receding into something pleasant and vicious region [†¦] I too was smiling feebly as if to absolve the simoniac of his sins† * â€Å"†¦I wouldn’t say he was exactly†¦but there was something uncanny about him. I’ll tell you my opinion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (incomplete sentences of aunt) * â€Å"one of those †¦peculiar cases† * â€Å"scrupulosity in the Catholic Church is a very real, potentially paralyzing, mental disease†(Bremen) Stream of consciousness Depicts the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. Eveline * â€Å"She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had known all her life about her. Of course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an edge on her,especially whenever there were people listening.† Araby * â€Å"What innumerable follies laid waste my waking and sleeping thoughts after that evening! I wished to annihilate the tedious intervening days. I chafed against the work of school. At night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read. The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me. I asked for leave to go to the bazaar on Saturday night. My aunt was surprised, and hoped it was not some Freemason affair. I answered few questions in class. I watched my masters face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me childs play, ugly monotonous childs play.† Epiphany an experience of sudden and striking realization. Eveline * â€Å"Derevaun Seraun! Derevaun Seraun! â€Å"She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror. Escape! She must escape! Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. But she wanted to live. Why should she be unhappy? She had a right to happiness.Frank would take her in his arms, fold her in his arms. He would save her† A painful case * â€Å"As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images in which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that she had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have carried on a comedy of deception with her; he could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that she was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night, alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory − if anyone remembered him.† The dead * His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead. Themes General/ Contextual themes themes surrounding the entire narrative discourse giving it homogeneity .They deal with Dublin biggest issues that have a great influence in every character behaviour.In relation with each individual story they can be central themes or hidden after a detail ,an action ,an answer or a thought. * Poverty * Paralysis * Irish politics and religion issues Central/Characteristic themes * Mortality * Escape * Isolation * Powerlessness * Alcoholism

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter- In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, the letter "A" changes it's meaning many different times. This change is significant. It shows growth in the characters, and the community in which they live. The letter "A" begins as a symbol of sin. It then becomes a symbol of her ability to do and help things, and finally it becomes a symbol of her respect for herself. The letter "A," worn on Hester's bodice, is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chillingworth. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. "Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment . . ." (84) Hester is ashamed of her sin, but she chooses not to show it. She committed this sin in the heat of passion, and fully admits it because, though she is ashamed, she also received her greatest treasure, Pearl, out of it. She is a very strong woman to be able to hold up so well against what she must face. Many would have fled Boston, and sought a place where no one knew of her great sin. Hester chose to stay though, which showed a lot of strength and integrity. Any woman with enough nerve to hold up against a town which despised her very existence, and to stay in a place where her daughter is referred to as a "devil child," either has some sort of psychological problem, or is a very tough woman. The second meaning that the letter "A" took was "able." The townspeople who once condemned her now believed her scarlet "A" to stand for her ability to create her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. "The letter was the symbol of her calling. Such helpfulness was found in her- so much power to do and power to sympathize- that many people refused to interpret the scarlet 'A' by its original signification." (156) At this point, a lot of the townspeople realized what a high quality character Hester possessed. "Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester- the town's own Hester- who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted!" (157) The townspeople soon began to believe that the badge served to ward off

Advantages Of Playing Sports Essay

Improved self-esteem is another benefit of competitive youth sports. When a child wins a game with his team, he feels accomplished and recognized. However, though someone may argue that if he lost the game, it will reversely lower his self-esteem. But that may perhaps not the real case, even when he doesn’t win, he can learn a valuable lesson: that you can’t win every time. Conversely, losing with his team can also increase self-esteem, as he learns to hold his head high and feel proud for trying his best. HEALTH According the some scientific research, millions of American children and teenagers are overweight. This obesity epidemic has made the early onset of health problems such as diabetes more common. Participating in competitive youth sports burns calories and helps to prevent obesity. Additionally, many children who are active in sports are motivated to eat healthier foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Children who play sports are more likely to be physically fit, have a healthy weight and maintain a better body image. A healthy body contributes to a healthy mind, and regular exercise contributes to overall physical and mental health. Competitive sports are challenging for youth. They require kids and teens to cooperate, compete in a sportsmanlike way, use strategy and communicate with one another. All of these attitudes can be developed through playing sports. According to the University of Florida Extension, youth sports can enhance a child’s emotional and mental development, helping them to become mature in an accelerating rate. Youth who play sports form a good social circle. They will become better able to make friends, socialize with others and respond in constructive ways to conflict. Competition is a situation in which conflict and problems inevitably arise, and children who play sports are more likely to handle.

Syllabus Spring

The exams WI II cover all available material (readings and lectures) and will be made up of multiple choc ice questions. The final exam is optional. Your three highest grades will be calculated in your exam scores-?your final exam score will replace your lowest exam score (or be door peed if your final exam score does not exceed any of your three previous exams' scores). You may schedule a makeup exam without any penalty if you have a verifiable egregious excuse (e. G. , written excuse from a doctor). Family vacations, your b ass requiring you to work on the exam day, entertaining visitors from outflow, extracurricular activities, etc. Re not valid excuses. Alternate exams must be scheduled before the exam is administered as scheduled. Syllabus (Toothsome) Exam (5%) There will be a toothsome exam about the material to ensure that you understand and the course's purpose, requirements, assignments and policies. This exam is not meant to be difficult and is not worth many points, but by understanding the course at a high level before e you are much more likely to succeed, so please take it seriously. Plagiarism (Toothsome) Exam (5%) One goal of this course is to begin preparing every student to be a scholar, boo h in thought and articulation of those thoughts.A first step toward this goal is understanding h owe to artic late *Please note: this syllabus is subject to change throughout the semester. Plea your thoughts while building on the thoughts of others and properly attribute Eng the ownership of all thoughts expressed. In other words, you must understand plagiarism and how to avoid it. While most Of you should have been taught this by now, this course will reinforce race the lesson. You will be given a toothsome exam that will require you to exhibit your knoll edge of legalism and how to avoid it.You will have one week to complete the exam, and it will be due at the beginning of the class on the deadline (see schedule). The following site s may help you with t his assignment: HTTPS://www. Ms. Deed/-?imbued/gastroenteritis)†polycrystalline. HTML http://owl. English. Purdue. Deed/owl/resource/589/DO/ http://www. Plagiarism. Org/ PAP Toothsome Exam (5%) Another important aspect of articulating your thoughts is ensuring that you c an find information and communicate your thoughts clearly to others, and particularly those read ins your work. One ay this clarity can be accomplished is through precise writing and support of your work.You will be given a toothsome exam to help you learn how to apply PAP style a s well as find information from the library/ library database and hone your critical reading skills. You will have approximately 1. 5 weeks to complete the exam, and it will be due at the beginning of the class on the deadline (see schedule for specific date). The exam will consist of two parts-?the first part will have you practice citing s pacific references and/ or construct a reference page from sample resources; the second part will re's re you to go to the library (or library website) to seek resources to practice search wing for academic articles.Though it is a toothsome exam, you should work on and complete you r exam individually. However, you are welcome (and encouraged) to use neoprene re's resources (I . E. , books, tutorials, online aids, librarians, etc. ) to complete your exam. Essay Assignments (20%) In order to provide you with practice of the skills learned in the toothsome ex. ms, there will be two essay assignments that are closely related to the material we cover in class s. These assignments will be announced approximately 1. Weeks before they are due and will be due at the beginning of the class on the deadlines (see schedule for specific date).Assignments must be submitted via the TACTIC page in DEL, under Assessment TTS Dropped (under the assignment NOTE: Your assignments will be checked for originality using academic honesty software. Do not include your name or any other did notifying information on your submission (this info is logged automatically via DEL). Please do not email assignments unless prior arrangements are made with the e instructor; unapproved assignments received via email will not be accepted. All written a assignments must follow PAP 6 style. I recommend you go here for help on this: http:// writing. Us. Deed/ Class Participation via Towpath (10%) Attendance -? of your mind as well as your person – is expected of you at ever y lecture. To this end, you will be expected to use the Towpath website/ app to respond to discussion questions during each lecture. These questions will only be available (on Towpath) at the time the question is asked in class. In order to receive full participation credit for a lecture, you must respond to all questions asked on that day. Complaints, excuses, or entrapments will not be entertained when considers Eng these participation points.It is your full responsibility to ensure that you access and respond on T owpath during the allotted time period. You may miss a Max of 2 lectures of participation points without penalty, technological/financial/ romantic issues included. Weekly Posts & Responses (1 0% + extra credit opportunity) In order to facilitate more interactive engagement with the course material, y o are required to post a response to the material presented each week (prompt here) on TOPCA t under â€Å"V†eek [X] Response Post†, and then vote AND comment on at least 2 of your class test' posts.Initial posts are due at pm on Thursdays, updates and comments are due at 1 1 pm on Fridays. Each week, the students who have the top 10 updated posts (with classlessness ma trial) will receive 5 extra credit points in the class (given as . 5 SONS credits toward the credit Max, see below) Extra Credit SONS System (Up to 5%) Throughout this semester, you have the opportunity to earn extra credit point s toward your grade. This extra credit research participation is worth 5% or 5 0 points in this course. To earn these mints, you would need to complete 5 hours of research. Syllabus Spring Class participation in this course ill be assessed as the ability of the student to raise the level of the class' conceptual knowledge by making a constructive contribution to the class discussion. There are several channels by which a student may contribute constructively to the class learning process: ; relating course concepts from readings to the discussion; ; commenting perceptively during class discussions; ; raising topic-related questions; ; conceptually expanding on classmates' comments; and, ; providing feedback to classmates' presentations.Students cannot â€Å"participate† unless they are present in class. As such, attending class is a minimum component of the class partial option assessment. Students will be given a daily class score according to the following rubric: O=absent, 50 = sleeping, testing or on the computer, 75=present, 85=present + contribution and 100=present + raised the conceptual knowledge of the class. Standard scores will be computed based on th e number of class meetings during the week and will be posted on Discovery.Students are expected to be on time for class out of respect for the instructor and their fellow classmates. Attendance will be taken at the beginning of each class. If you miss or are going to miss a class, you are required to notify the professor via email. For every absence more than 4 unexcused absences will result in a 1 point reduction in the course grade. Any student testing or using a laptop for anything other than taking notes will receive a â€Å"O† for class participation for that day. B.Course Evaluation: All students completing the course for credit are required to complete an online course evaluation at the end of the course. Participation by all students is important, not only for our continued accreditation, but to assist in refining the course to assure quality instruction. The University will provide instructions to students via your campus email on how to complete the evaluation abou t two weeks before the course ends. You will be given extra class participation points if you complete the course evaluation C.

The Art of Teppan-yaki Cooking essays

The Art of Teppan-yaki Cooking essays Metal Spatulas and salt n peppershakers fly through the air and are caught behind the back. Sharp silver knives cut through filet mignon steaks, boneless chickens and Tristan da Cunha lobsters. Soy sauce and seasoning is added as the portions are divided onto plates of the gazing hungry customers. This is the art of teppan-yaki cooking. Teppan-yaki cooking is a Japanese term for cooking on the grill. This tabletop form of cooking is a popular tourist attraction that combines knife skills and an entertaining presentation. It is the Japanese form of barbecue and consists of a flat wide grill with a pit where the chef stands as the customers surround him. It is not merely just cooking, it is also about performance. They come here to be entertained. Its also all about the cutting techniques, said Jet Mupas, a teppan chef at Tanaka of Tokyo restaurant. Mupas has been a chef at TOT for close to four years. It takes six months to get everything, he said. Prior to TOT, Mupas worked at La Merenda, a restaurant in the Hyatt hotel in Guam. Mupas said there is a big difference between regular dine-in restaurants compared to teppan-yaki restaurants. You work more hours and the timing is different. Here, your always in the rush, always flying, said Mupas. After the servers take the order they turn in the table map to the kitchen. On the table map, it shows exactly which customer ordered what so the chef could properly place the food in the individual plates. The food is prepped in the kitchen and brought out onto the carts that are in the pit. The next chef in line takes his tools, which consists of a wet towl to wipe his knives and spatula with, a grill scrub, silver spatula, and two small nine-inch wooden baton-like salt n pepper shakers used not for seasoning but for the shaker show at the end of the meal. Once the chef enters the pit, he greets ...

How Honey Bees Survive the Winter Cold

How Honey Bees Survive the Winter Cold Most bees and wasps hibernate during the colder months. In many species, only the queen survives the winter, emerging in spring to reestablish a colony. But honey bees remain active all winter long, despite the freezing temperatures and lack of flowers on which to forage. Winter is when they reap the benefits of their hard work, by living off the honey theyve made and stored. Winter Is Why Bees Make Honey The honey bee colonys ability to survive the winter depends on their food stores. Keeping warm takes energy in the form of honey. If the colony runs short of honey, it will freeze to death before spring. The worker bees force the now useless drone bees from the hive, letting them starve. Its a harsh sentence, but one thats necessary for the colonys survival. Drones would eat too much of the precious honey, and put the hive in peril. Once sources of forage disappear, the honey bees settle in for the winter. As temperatures fall below 57 ° F, the workers hunker down near their cache of honey. The queen stops laying eggs in late fall and early winter, since food stores are limited and the workers must focus on insulating the colony. The Honey Bee Huddle The honey bee workers form a cluster around the queen and brood to keep  them warm. They keep their heads pointed inward. Bees on the inside of the cluster can feed on the stored honey. The outer layer of workers insulates their sisters inside the sphere of honey bees. As ambient temperatures rise, the bees on the outside of the group separate a bit, to allow more air flow. As temperatures fall, the cluster tightens, and the outer workers pull together. As the ambient temperature drops, the worker bees actively generate heat within the hive. First, they feed on honey for energy. Then, the honey bees shiver. They vibrate their flight muscles but keep their wings still, raising their body temperatures. With thousands of bees shivering constantly, the temperature at the center of the cluster will warm up considerably, to about 93 ° F! When the workers on the outer edge of the cluster get cold, they push to the center of the group, and other bees take a turn shielding the group from the winter weather. During warmer spells, the entire sphere of bees will move within the hive, positioning themselves around fresh honey stores. During long spells of extreme cold, the bees may be unable to move within the hive. If they run out of honey within the cluster, the bees can starve to death just inches from additional honey reserves. What Happens to the Bees When We Take Their Honey? An average colony of honey bees can produce 25 lbs. of honey during the foraging season. Thats 2-3 times more honey than they typically need to survive the winter. During a good foraging season, a healthy colony of honey bees can produce as much as 60 lbs. of honey. So the industrious worker bees make much more honey than the colony requires to survive the winter. Beekeepers harvest the surplus honey, but always make sure they leave a sufficient supply for the bees to sustain themselves through the winter months.

A Good Man Must Know One Song by Heart Movie Review

A Good Man Must Know One Song by Heart - Movie Review Example A gripping story set in 1929 about a family of three. The father leaves home for New York to work there along with his friends as members of a band. The band becomes popular at that area, and pay becomes even better. Way back home, the ten-year old son and his mother alternates time among playing piano, strolling around the vicinity, and cooking food. The situation forces the son to look for his father bringing only with him a song that his father taught him years ago.The film's narration played as a flashback starting out promisingly in what is supposed to be an abandoned area in New York, where the son is shown to be cuddling his father while humming a tune. The father was looking aimlessly at nowhere in his tattered suits, while the son looked simple in his pants and jacket. The transition to the next scene was poignant and dramatic because the succeeding scene was beautifully juxtaposed with the previous scene. In the second scene, the father was seen cuddling his son while singi ng the song "While My Baby Lulls in a Hammock." The mother entered the scene, and then all at once, the audience was introduced to all the principal characters of the film. But just when you are expecting things to get even better, as the film tried to give the audience an idea of the setting and the zeitgeist of the story, the film slowed down and devoted too much time to the protagonists' uneventful music sessions. There, the film accommodated half of the total number of songs-there were ten-that were supposed to be played in the entire film. While the film's first half tried your patience, it picked up speed as the focus shifted to where it should be: New York and the specter of the Great Depression. There were two significant events between the period of 1925 and 1935 that were woven into or depicted in the film: 1) The movie's moral crackdown in 1934-Due to the newly-enforced rigorous production code courtesy of Will Hays, the film's dialogues, song lyrics, and the presentation of the visuals were seemingly sanitized. Rumor has it that several lines-including "Mother, do you think is it acceptable for Father if I were to fall in love with someone, but not marry her"-were intentionally omitted during the post-production to suit the taste of the members of the so-called Legion of Decency. As a result of this, the film in its entirety was devoid of any shocking but commercially appealing dialogue and situations. Instead, unnecessary optimism pervaded all throughout in its less than 90-minute run. Such existential optimism was manifested in script like "Do not worry son. Your father will soon find his way to us." 2) The ushering of the Great Depression in 1929-discussions among bankers visiting the club where the father plays centered on the issue of Wall Street's fall. Although, the site of Wall Street was never included in any of the scenes, the actors really talked about blue chips like Standard Oil and Westinghouse, and the plummeting values of the shares of White Sewing Machine with ease that one could have an impression that bankers who were forced to resign from financial institutions were acquired as actors. Commentaries One critic said that there was a visible effort on the part of the filmmakers to show that this film had set the bar high in terms of visuals, sounds, and historical accuracy. Although the visuals, through camerawork, hardly moved to prevent the scratches made by camera from being recorded, the actors' faces registered clearly and properly projected to create an impression of a depressing scenario. The sounds consisted of a few songs of longing and melancholia and crisp and concise audible (and inaudible) dialogue. The claim to historical accurac

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future Essay

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future of 3D printing based on current issues identified in the literature - Essay Example 3D technologies include building images layer by layer using powder and raw materials such as resins, plastics and super alloys rather than multi-coloured ink as in conventional printers (Berman 2012, p. 155). 3D printing presents many future possibilities, albeit some clearly not for the foreseeable future, including the manufacturing of final objects closer to consumers or even by the consumers themselves, with significant implications for both the society and economy. On the other hand, there are also issues ranging from social to practical, legal and economic aspects. This paper will evaluate the current uses of 3D printing and discuss its potential future based on the issues associated with them. 3D printing has evolved since the first functional 3D printer was created in 1984. The 3D printing or additive manufacturing process is a form of rapid-prototyping that fabricates three-dimensional objects using the technology of ink-jet printing. The process joins materials from three-dimensional model data to make or ‘print’ objects, usually placing layer upon layer unlike subtractive manufacturing that include cutting and moulding raw materials into objects (Stahl 2013, p. 3). Further, it mainly uses systems of 3D scanning and computer-aided design (CAD) models for production. Objects printed using the 3D technology are fabricated after successive layers of materials are solidified, fused or deposited on top of each other, whereby each layer corresponds to the objects’ cross-sectional shapes. FDM (fused deposition modeling) and SLS (selective laser sintering) are currently the most common 3D printing technologies. Technological developments have made the conce pt more accessible and affordable, widening the range of current and potential users beyond the previous rapid prototyping systems that fundamentally targeted engineering and industrial applications. According to Stephens, Orch & Ramos (2013, p. 334), 3D printing may better be understood by viewing what

Japan Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan Profile - Assignment Example The country lacks natural resources and arable lands. The population of Japan is 127.4 million people (CountryWatch, 2009). Tokyo is the capital of Japan. The main religions practiced in Japan are Buddhism and Shinto. The official language of the nation is Japanese, but English is taught in all secondary schools for business purposes (CountryGrams, 2009). Japan’s weather goes through the four seasons. In the northern region, winters can be cold, while the southern parts of tropical weather prevail. The climate is mostly hot and humid. The time difference between Melbourne, Florida, and Tokyo, Japan is 13 hours. The monetary unit utilized in Japan is the Yen. The conversion rate in the foreign exchange markets of the dollar to yen is 1: 93.62 (Xe, 2009). The address of the U.S. Embassy in Japan is 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Toyko 107-8420 Japan, and the phone number are 03-3224-5000 (Usembassy, 2009). Japan’s society is a group-oriented society. The family is the foundation of Japanese society. Employees are very loyal in Japan and people that hold power are respected. Whenever a person receives a favor or gift, they feel obligated to return the favor. Businessmen wear suits and ties in public, while women wear dresses and slacks. In Japan, the traditional greeting is a bow, but when greeting foreigners handshakes is the norm. Women are visualized as inferior to men in the workplace. Yawning in public is seen as impolite. Japanese people are very punctual and offended when people are late for appointments. The Japanese diet consists of rice, fresh vegetables, seafood, fruit, and small portions of meat most of which are seasoned with soy sauce or sweet sake (CultureGrams, 2009). Other popular meals include sushi, miso, and sashimi. The most popular sport in Japan is baseball. Other popular sporting activities are soccer, volleyball, and jogging. Men are raised to become the head of the family.

The impact of gender in research

The impact of gender in research Does the gender of the interviewer effect the response rate, interview and the results obtained? Many researchers have investigated the effect that interviewers gender has on research, this paper seeks to examine if there is an effect and how relevant that effect is. It will draw on academic papers, business examples and a case study. Hyman et al (1954) were one of the first to examine the effect gender-of-the interviewer has on the interview process; they found respondents replied differently to male and female researchers. Since then there has been an abundance of research in the field, much of the research is based on and argues that gender-of-interviewer effects are evident on, topics related specifically to feminism, politics and other sensitive issues. This paper will analyse the research and apply it to a case study. With the main aim to determine if the gender-of-interview affects all interview areas or whether it is topic specific. It is important to understand what is meant by interviewer effects; interviewer errors are expected to occur differently in every interview whereas interviewer effects refers to a specific interviewer characteristic i.e. gender (Dijkstra 1983). Interviewer effects look at how interviewer variance can bias the results of research. The case study being looked at took place in Oldham, it was a consultancy project investigating participation rates of food waste recycling, with the main objective to increase participation rates. The methodology used was semi-structured interviews and drop off questionnaires. The interviewers were made up of two women and three men. Researchers went out in pairs, for safety reasons, the researchers went out in four pairings, three pairs made up by a women and male interviewer and the final pairing was comprised of two male researchers. Due to time constraints and the nature of the work this case study was unable to talk to residents about their impression of interviewer-gender-effects. However all interviewers were interviewed extensively by the author of this paper, to grasp their view of the effect gender had. The main topics covered were response rates, lengths of interviews and results obtained. Does the gender-of-interviewer affect response rate? Gender can affect the response rate; Smith (1972) suggests that women are less likely to invite men interviewers into their home explaining that it is due to the perceived danger, this argues Smith can be an issue for male interviewers conducting research. When looking at the Oldham Case study this was evident, the response rate for the mixed paring had a higher response rate to the male only pairing. The mixed pairings had a response rate average of ? and the male only pairing had a response rate average of  ¼. This is backed up by Dommeyer (2008) whose study examined how using a photo in the cover letter of a drop off questionnaire effects responses. Female interviewers prove to obtain a higher response rate. His research found that rivalling the gender was only productive if they were female. Bean and Medewitz (1988) had similar results when sending out cover letters with a female signature; a higher response rate was produced than when a male signature was used 35% and 26% resp onse rate respectively. Moreover, Catonia et al (1996) experiments found that on a phone interview when respondents were given the opportunity to request a gender 82%, of women and 72% of male respondents did request with the majority selecting a female, suggesting that respondents prefer female interviewers. When interviewed, Keith from the Oldham case study expressed: Sandra seemed to get a higher response rate then I did, we quickly realised this and Sandra became the interviewer and I the scriber. Johnson and Delamater (1976) discuss, whilst looking at response rates in sex surveys, the effect gender has on respondents agreeing to be interviewed. They argue that the gender of the interviewer can have a substantial effect on response levels; attributing it to the type of survey suggesting that if they are embarrassed about the topic being discussed they may be less likely to opt to participate, especially with someone from the opposite gender. In the Oldham case study this can be compared to respondents who do not participate in recycling and are therefore are less likely to agree to be interviewed, however the gender of the interviewer is unlikely to make a difference there. Benny et al (1956) notes that male interviewers gain fewer responses to female interviewers and most of these are from female respondents. Rourke and Lakner (1989) discuss the gender bias that exists within the data collection.. How does gender affect the results obtained? Huddy et al (1997) looked at the effect that the gender-of-interviewer had in two surveys, where male and female interviewers were randomly assigned to interview male and female respondents. With the first survey; gender of interviewer had more of an effect on less educated and younger respondents. However these results were not replicated in the second survey. Yang and Yu (2008) argues that well educated people are not affected by gender as much because they are more use to inter-gender relations. Huddy et al (1997) also attribute it to the fact that people that are more educated are more confident in the company of the other gender. WHAT IS EDUCATION IN OLDHAM? Many researchers have suggested that the gender of the interviewer only has an effect on certain topics. Huddy et al (1997) suggests that the gender-of-interviewer is more predominant when; politics and views on feminism are discussed. Bellou and Del Boca (1980) found stronger gender-of-interviewer effects among women respondents on questions about the existence of gender inequality whereas men tend to be more affected when questions about women movements arose. Flores-Macias and Lawson (2006) claim that in the past research has shown effect on social and political issues when interviewed by different gender. Using a survey on households in Mexico the research tries to add to the field, they found gender effects were confined to sensitive questions, they concluded gender-interviewer effects are limited to gender topics. TOPIC OF RECYCLING In contrast Kane and Macauley (1983) note the opposite; Women were most effected by questions on womens movements for example collective action and women shared interest, while men were more effected by the interviewers gender when answering work-related gender equalities. Gender bias was highest with questions related to controversial politics and womens movements. Kane and Macaulay (1993) research looks at the effects of interviewer gender on responses in particular on gender-related survey questions. They look at if gender effects are present and how it differs from male and female. Huddy et al (1997) argue respondents are susceptible to gender-of-interviewer effects across a broad spectrum of gender-linked items. Groves and Fultz (1983) found that economic indicators receive more optimistic responses when interviewed by a male interviewer rather than a female interviewer. Landis et al (1973) reported that when women were interviewed by male interviewers they gave more feminist responses on womens roles. Kane and Macaulay (1993) summarise stating after analysing gender-attitude it is clear that interviewer-gender bias is present, it tends to include respondents giving a critical response to female interviewers than to male. On standard debate topics men are more likely to be effected by the gender of the interviewer and are less likely on less familiar topics. Womens responses vary dramatically in their responses to male and female interviewers on various issues. They did not see a vast difference in interviewer gender effects for example respondents to male respondents. It is therefore questionable on it social power effects conversational power in the interview process. Both male and female respondents are at times affected by interviewer gender. In contrast Herod (1993), who is a geographer, believes that the gender-of-interviewer can effect responses on any topic discussed. He argues that gender relations are an important aspect that can shape the interview process, gender can shape the type of data collected especially when carrying out interviews. Backing this up is McDowell (1992) who explains how interviews raise the issue of gender, Schaenberger (1992) agrees gender makes a difference (p.217). In the Oldham case study gender.. look at results! Herod (1993) gender can shape the use of interviews as a research tool (p.306). Even when all respondents are of the same gender, gender bias still shapes the interactions between interviewer and interviewee. Feminists support this statement gender is significant in society it is always going to effect gender relations in the research process (Keller 1985). Herods paper looks at work conducted across different disciplines on gender and its effect on interviewing. Turner and Martin (1984) in the classic work discuss how the gender-of-interviewer and the respondent has significant effect, the different options (male interviewer, female respondent/ male interviewer male respondent etc) have different effects in influencing opinions and feelings. Eagly and Carli (1981) showed a statistical relationship between the gender of the interviewer and outcome of the interviews showing both; respondents giving different answers to male and female researchers, but also researchers interpreting it differently. Thus this demonstrates that an interviewers gender can affect respondents answers. Looking at the Oldham case this can be demonstrated through interpretation of answers, when looking at how the answers were interpreted it is completely a subjective task, when a male was interrupting it, the results appeard whereas when a female was interrupting it is seemed. Even when it is the same gender there is an effect, Aries (1976) suggested that men tend to be more aggressive and macho to a male interviewer. Herod (1993) explains whereas a male interviewer may display one type of behaviour with female researcher he may show a different one to a male therefore obtaining different results. Oldham case study.. Piliavan and Martin (1978) found that in a group setting men and women acted differently, in the Oldham council case study, researchers went out in pairs often a man and women researcher, Aries (1976) explains that she observed women were less likely to interact than men in a mixed group. This could have affected female respondents answers when being interviewed by a male and female researcher in the Oldham case study. Moreover Herod (1993) notes the difference in the way male and female genders interpret information, on an interview he refers to the type of language used. Carli (1991) claims that women and men use language differently. Lakoff (1975) argues that women have to be socialised to use language that is less assertive then men and womens expressions are tentative. Herod (1993) puts forward that these stereotypes have implications when men and women interpret language. Sociolinguist, Deborah Tanen (1990) claims that men and women have different beliefs of how conversations are meant to work, as well as different views on the role of conversational interaction and building relationships (Wolfram Schilling-Estes, 1998). Herod (1993) explains that there is a danger in trying to generalise about gender relations in such broad categories. Arguing that they themselves did not look at race or class and how these shape gender. There is a need to look at how gender can mean different things in different context. Interviewing is about how interviewers generate meanings and understandings. Are men or women more affected by gender-of-interviewer? Whelcher (1987) and Ballou and Del Boca (1980) both argue that male respondents show more effect from gender-of-interviewer. Whelcher (1987) documents that men give more democratic responses to male interviewers as they try to give the response that they feel the male interviewer wants to hear. Ballou and Del Boca (1980) states how men give more democratic responses to female interviewers. Landis et al (1973) explain that it is expected that during an interview relationships are formed between respondent and interviewer and thus the behaviour of the respondent is influenced by their perception of the circumstances. Warren (1988) argues that women are better at building a rapport when interviewing. Landis et al (1973) found from their results that the women interviewed gave a more feminist response to the male interviewer, noting that the statistics were significant. They summarise that the gender of the interviewer does have a marked effect on response to women. Hyman et al (1954) found that gender of interviewer effected female respondents results when a male asked the question; 61% agreed with the statement, but when they were interviewed by women only 49% agreed. Hyman concluded women felt more obliged to give conventional opinions to a male interviewer. Benny et al (1956) note that both men and women act differently in the company of the other gender; acting more formally and expressing less. Benny et al (1956) and Hyman (1954) both argue that women in the presence of men talk more traditionally are more formal and tend to give the expected answer. Oldham Case study then this >It could be argued that as both these papers are dated, the findings may be less relevant. Macaulay (1993) claim the more egalitarian answers are more persuasive among male respondents when interviewed by a women. Flores-Macias and Lawson (2006) found that men are more likely to be effected rather than women. Furthermore that the social context has an effect, culture for example in Mexico City men were more susceptible to gender bias backing this up. Approximately 30% of men interviewed by men felt women rights were urgent however 40% interviewed by women felt it an issue. They also found women were more progressive when interviewed by men. Holbrook et al (2003) argue that effect from respondents believe they try to answer what interviewers want. Oldham Case study Davis et al (2010) argue that interviewer effects can impact the data obtained. They looked at measuring and controlling interviewer effects. Effects can occur from interviewer related issues such as the way questions are read, probes are used, instructions to survey etc (OLDHAM CASE study difference between male and female). Davis et al (2010) discuss how gender is the most noticeable characteristic of an interview and therefore is most susceptible to having an effect. In the past women were considered better interviewers because they are seen as less threatening and therefore there has not been as much research on this topic. But since telephone interviews gender has become more of an issue as no longer can the respondent see socioeconomic status, physical attractiveness, personal demeanour (Huddy et al 1997, p.197). Huddy et al (1997) note that there is growing evidence that respondents are more likely to give a feminist view to a female interviewer as the respondent seeks to give the answer they think the interviewer wants to hear. OLDHAM CASE Huddy et al (1997) had two goals from their study to test for the existence of gender-of-interviewer effects across a range of gender related questions. And to explore the characteristics of respondents most liable to gender-of-interviewer. Huddy et al (1997) wanted to test to see if the existence of gender-of-interviewer effected a range of topics or just gender related questions to achieve this they used two surveys both containing questions that dealt with womens issues and womens movements. Their results showed respondents were more likely to give a feminist view to a female interviewer on 11/13 gender related topics. However the difference obtained by male and female interviewers was small and consistent and was only significant for a minority of questions. The topics that showed gender-of-interviewer effects differed from the two surveys in the first, carried out in 1991 the largest gender-of-interview effects occurred on questions relating to feminist identity whereas in the second, obtained in 1993 they were on topics on abortion and anti-sexual harassment legislation. In both surveys a female interviewer collected more feminist views then a man. They did find, however that gender bias occurred most on both surv eys when topics on controversial politics were broached. With Huddy et al (1997) second goal they discovered significant interaction between interviewer gender and education less-well educated respondents were more influenced then well educated by the interviewers gender. Despite this the same results were not emulated in the second survey but they argue this could be because the gender bias was not as affluent either. To reinforce this Huddy et al (1997) assessed the statics of education and effect of gender on respondents with 12 and 17 years of education. They found that gender-of-interviewer effects were more prevalent with less educated respondents. Overall respondents with less formal education were more likely to be effected by the gender-of-interviewer and on gender related questions. Huddy et al (1997) note that gender bias decreases with age and income was the only demographic characteristic that did not increase. But how important is it, does it have a large enough effect to matter? Huddy et al (1997) found that small differences in their study. They conclude that it depends on the survey being administered. If it will effect then it is crucial that an equal number of men and women are randomly assigned to respondents. Finally Huddy et al (1997) believe that from their results it can be seen that gender could effect any type of survey and use the beginning of their first survey to demonstrate this point; where gender bias is present and the topic of the survey has not been disclosed. Huddy et al (1997) argue the view gender-of-interview effects questions is premature because; rarely have researcher controlled the individualism of interviews when examining gender-of-interviewer effects, few studies have measured the size of effects across a broad spectrum of questions to see if the effect is on feminist questions or all topics. Bellou and Del Boca (1980) did look into this in their 1980 study. Huddy et al (1997) continue explaining that effects are not standard even for questions on the same topic and few studies have tested the statistical significance across several variables with the same respondent. Huddy et al (1997) suggest that not enough research on which gender is most prone to gender-interviewer-bias as there is a contrast in theories. Lueptow, Moser and Pendleton (1990) argue women are more likely to give feminist views to a female interviewer, which they proved through telephone interviews. In contrast Ballou and Del Boca (1980) contrasted stating male respondents are more vulnerable to female interviews and appear more feminine. McDowell (1988) disagrees arguing that there is no gender split in research methods but rather a stereotyping in gender characteristics. Little work has been done on the effect of the interviewers gender; as traditionally interviewing was a female occupation Williams (1964) in his classic paper hypothesised that the greater the amount of social difference between interviewer and respondent the more likely of gender bias. Demonstrates the importance of the gender of interviewer and that the subject can have an effect.